returned from the mine in Donbas, where he had found work and lodgings. He then took me, our surviving child and two of his brother’s children. Then he took in my mother and her children, and so by the miracle of God, we survived.
Senator DeCONCINI: Thank you very much for that testimony. I hate to belabor these things, but if s of interest to me. The man in the field who would not let you go home, was this a Russian, or was it a local authority, or could you identify that person.
Ms. OLEFIRENKO (through interpreter): He was a Ukrainian.
Senator DeCONCINI: He was a Ukrainian. Was he trained as a police, military, or how did he happen to be there?
Ms. OLEFIRENKO (through interpreter): He was just someone, not a soldier, some¬one appointed by the local authorities to keep watch over the workers in the field.
Senator DeCONCINI: Was it someone that they knew?
Ms. OLEFIRENKO (through interpreter): He was well-known in the village.
Senator DeCONCINI: Thank you.
Dr. KUROPAS: You indicated that your family was not deported like so many others were. Is there any particular reason you know why you were not deported, why you were not sent away?
Ms. OLEFIRENKO (through interpreter): Because on the mother’s side, they came from very poor family, and for that reason, they were not bothered.
Dr. KUROPAS: Thank you.
Senator DeCONCINI: Thank you very much for your testimony. Our next wit¬nesses are the Petrenkos—Ustyna, Mykola, and Leonid—if they would come forward. Mr. Petrenko, thank you for being with us today. Can we have the witnesses identify themselves?
Mr. PETRENKO: My name is Leonid Petrenko. On my right is my father, Mykola Petrenko, and my sister.
Dr. MACE: And Mrs. Ustyna Petrenko will not be with us today.
Senator DeCONCINI: Does she have a statement?
Dr. MACE: We will put that in the record as is read here, and you will proceed with the statement for your father.
(Whereupon, the following statement was included in the record.)

TESTIMONY OF MS. USTYNA PETRENKO OF PHOENIX, ARIZONA

I was born in 1890 in the village of Yablonivka near Kirovohrad. About two and one-half acres of land were given to the peasants of my village after the revolution. My family was considered middle-class peasants. They had two cows, four horses, sheep and pigs. I had three older brothers and two younger sisters.

In 1929 my brother was sentenced to three years in Siberia. I don’t remember the exact charge, but it was really for looking at the authorities the wrong way. During the famine I was in Donbas, where my father worked as a guard in a mine. He was given three hundred grams of bread a day. This was not enough to live on, so he left the family behind in the village when he left for the Donbas in 1931.

When my father died I was in the Donbas working in a kitchen in the Number Nine Mine. There was a nearby garden where tomatoes and other vegetables were grown