the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amend-
ments to the Constitution.

During study of the “Rise of Industrial America,”
students learn of… the Indian wars, Custer’s Last
Stand, and the removal of American Indians to res-
ervations___Students read Chief Joseph’s words of

surrender… to grasp the great heroism and human
tragedy that accompanied the conquest of this last
frontier. Students also learn of the prejudice dis-
played against blacks, Catholics, Jews, Asians, and
other newcomers. While studying about the devel-
opment of the West, students learn of the large
migrations of families from Mexico… and the social
and political isolation of these immigrants.. ..

In “Linking Past to Present,” students . . . assess
major changes in the social and economic status of
blacks . . . religious minorities. … In viewing the
changes in social conditions over time, students
should analyze the role of the Constitution as a
mechanism to guarantee the rights of individuals
and to ban discrimination , . . and discuss the
citizen’s ethical obligation … to work toward a
society in which all people enjoy equal rights and a
good life…. Students should have an opportunity
to discuss how citizens in a democracy can influence
events and, through participation, apply ethical
standards to public life. Students can also identify
key ethical dilemmas faced by society . . . and
discuss the Individual’s responsibility to self, oth-
ers, and society regarding such issues.

Grade Nine
Elective Courses in History-Social Science. The
course “Our State in the Twentieth Century pro-
vides for realization that individual citizens can in-
fluence public policy through participation. Califor-
nia is a multicultural state….The studies extend
students’ understanding of migration in California’s
history; the internment of Japanese Californians;
and the new waves of immigrants. Case studies
provide opportunities to study issues such as the
increasing diversity within every aspect of the state
. ..; and the changing societal structure in the
state, including the impact of immigrant groups.

The course on “The Humanities” provides for inquiry
into the role of racial and ethnic groups within
American society with their contributions to our
common civilization….

The “Area Studies: Cultures” course provides for
studies of the status and roles of minority groups.

The “Ethnic Studies” course provides opportunities
to study the characteristics of America’s ethnic

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