students to reflect on the various ways that people
have struggled throughout time with ethical issues
and will consider what the consequences are for us
today.. . .

Human rights and genocide are addressed in five of
the 17 distinguishing characteristics of the frame-
work, as follows:

Eighth:

This framework incorporates a multicultural per-
spective. . ..

Tenth:

This framework emphasizes the importance of the
application of ethical understanding and civic vir-
tue. . . .

Eleventh:

This framework encourages the development of civic
and democratic values . . . and reflection on the
responsibilities of citizens in a free society. . . .

Twelfth:

This framework supports the frequent study and
discussion of the fundamental principles embodied
in the United States Constitution and the Bill of
Rights___

Thirteenth:

This framework encourages teachers to present
controversial issues honestly and accurately within
their historical or contemporary context. History
without controversy is not good history nor is such
history as interesting to students as an account that
captures the debates of the times.. . . Through the
study of controversial issues, both in history and in
current affairs, students should learn that people in
a democratic society have the right to disagree, that
different perspectives have to be taken into account,
and that Judgments should be based on reasonable
evidence and not on bias and emotion.

Goals and

Curriculum

Strands

Human rights and genocide are addressed in the
following curriculum strands for kindergarten
through grade twelve:

Historical Literacy
Ethical Literacy
Cultural Literacy
Sociopolitical Literacy
National Identity

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